Clinical Psychology

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    CHILDHOOD TRAUMA, ATTACHMENT STYLES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOM DISORDER
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-06-12) UMME IZZA BAJWA
    This study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma, attachment styles and psychological distress among patients diagnosed with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder. It further examined the mediating role of attachment styles between childhood trauma and psychological distress. Correlational research design was used to conduct the study. A sample of female and male adult patients diagnosed with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (N = 120), (Females = 108, Males = 12), between the ages of 14-65, (M= 26.7, SD= 6.30) was recruited from government and semi government hospitals across Lahore. All participants completed Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (Pennebaker & Sussman, 1987), The Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Shaver, 1990) and The 10-item Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress (Kessler et al., 2003). Results showed a significant positive relationship between the traumas of death of closed ones, divorce or separation in parents, sexual abuse, major upheaval in life and fearful, dismissive attachment styles and psychological distress. Psychological distress was found to have positive significant relationship with preoccupied attachment styles. It was also found that fearful, preoccupied and dismissive attachment styles mediated the relationship between least experienced domain of childhood trauma i.e. trauma of divorce/separation in parents and psychological distress. Findings from this study could emphasize the importance of early identification and intervention for individuals with a history of childhood trauma and insecure attachment styles.
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    EATING ATTITUDES, BODY IMAGE AND SELF ESTEEM AMONG WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-06-12) RABIA ASLAM
    The aim of the study was to compare the differences in eating attitudes, body image and level of self-esteem among women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a very complicated endocrine disorder, making it difficult and tough to diagnose in routine clinical practice even though it is quite common. This study was a cross-sectional research. A total of 142 women participated, out of which 71 women were diagnosed with PCOS, selected from a gynecology clinic through purposive sampling strategy and 71 women were without PCOS matched on age and marital status. Age range of the participants were 17-36 years (M= 21.73, S.D= 3.96). Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were used to collect data from participants. Data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS 25. Independent Sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis of data. Results of the study indicated that there was significant difference between women with and without PCOS regarding eating attitudes (Dieting, Bulimia & Food Preoccupation and Oral Control), body image and self-esteem. Women with PCOS scored high on eating attitudes and body image which showed more disordered eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction among them. Women with PCOS scored low on self-esteem scale which showed low level of esteem among them as compared to non-PCOS. The study has implications for mental health workers, psychologists, sociologists, physician, gynecologists and community workers to better understand the syndrome and to design appropriate interventions and protective factors for women with PCOS
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    Parenting Styles, Rejection Sensitivity, Impulsivity and Mental Health of Incarcerated Individuals
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-06-12) Marriam Shahid
    First and foremost I would like to thank the Almighty Allah for granting me the strength, health, courage and inspiration to prosper and enrich my knowledge. He is indeed the unseen force behind making this I am whole heartedly to Him. Secondly, I would like to express my extreme gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Masha Asad Khan for her guidance, patience and kindness. I’m thankful to her for taking time to assist and understand me throughout the time and my thesis had been a great experience with her constant efforts and provision. I would also thankful to my HOD, Dr. Afsheen Gul, for her constant support, encouragement and commitment during the completion of this study. I am thankful to the Institution of which I have been a part and always provided me with the required material which I needed for the research completion. `Last but not the least; I would like to thank my parents who had played significant role throughout my journey, without whom I wouldn’t have been able to achieve this much in life and who provided me with unconditional love and support. Thanks to my mother and father who encouraged me to pursue my dreams and taught me to never be afraid of being an independent woman and to be devoted to accomplishing all my goals in life. I would also like to thank my family and friends who have always motivated and supported me through thick and thin in obtaining this degree.
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    DECISION-MAKING, SENSATION-SEEKING, AND RISK APPRAISAL IN SMOKING AND NON SMOKING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-06-12) AYESHA AYYAZ
    The research aimed to examine the relationship between decision-making, sensation-seeking, and risk appraisal in smoking and non-smoking university students and to find out the predictors of risk appraisal in these university students. A cross-sectional research design was used. The sample of the study was university students (N=200), age range 18-27 years (M=22.5, SD=4.67) were selected using purposive sampling from different private and government universities of Lahore. The questionnaires used in the study were Decision-making Scale (Mann et al., 1997), Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (Hoyle et al., 2002), and Risk Appraisal Scale (Lipkus & Mays, 2018). In smoking students, the result showed a significant negative relationship between the aspects of decision-making and sensation-seeking, and risk appraisal. While in smokers the results showed a significant positive relationship between decision-making and risk appraisal and a significant negative relationship between both variables with sensation-seeking. After controlling for the effect of control variables, the buck-passing aspect of decision-making emerged as a significant predictor of perceived harm while decision self-esteem, vigilance, and disinhibition emerged as the significant predictors of worry about harm and addiction. Experience Seeking, thrill and adventure seeking, and boredom susceptibility turned out to be significant predictors of smoking behavior. The results can be used by researchers to develop targeted interventions aimed at reducing smoking behaviors in university students. The study highlights the role of sensation-seeking behavior in the development of smoking behavior among university students. This outcome may be used to increase awareness among the student population about the potential risks associated with smocking.
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    Online Gaming Addiction, Narcissistic Tendencies, Interpersonal Communication and Loneliness among University Students
    (KINNAIRD COLLEGE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-01) Isha Tariq
    In our fast-paced society, where everyone is busy in their personal achievement. The communication style is drastically changed and the new generation is experiencing more interpersonal communication difficulty, narcissistic tendencies and loneliness. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between online gaming addiction, narcissistic tendencies, interpersonal communication and loneliness among university students. It was hypothesized that there is likely of significant positive relationship between gaming addiction, narcissistic tendencies, Interpersonal communication and loneliness among university students. Secondly, it was hypothesized that gaming addiction, narcissistic tendencies and interpersonal communication are predictors of loneliness among university students. Thirdly, it was hypothesized that there is likely of significant gender differences in terms of online gaming addiction, narcissistic tendencies, interpersonal communication and loneliness among university students. The sample of 120 students were taken which includes both girls and boys. The purposive sampling strategy was used, sample of girls (n=60) and boys (n=60) selected for the study. The age range of the participants was 18-25 years. The target population was universities students. The measurement tools used for the study was gaming addiction scale, NP-16, Interpersonal communication inventory and UCLA loneliness scale. The Correlational research design used for this study. Independent Sample t-test, Multiple Hierarchical Regression was used for this study. The findings depict a significant positive relationship between gaming addiction, narcissism and loneliness. Gaming addiction, narcissism and interpersonal communication is significant predictor of loneliness among university students. The result of independent sample t- test reveal males are significantly more dependent to gaming addiction and female showed higher level of narcissism and Loneliness.