Geography 2022
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Item USE OF GEO-SPATIAL TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES ON THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF LAHORE-PUNJAB(KINNAIRE COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-22) SUFAH KHANLahore city of Pakistan, has witnessed population growth, rapid expansion and developmental activities such as construction of new societies, roads and buildings due to these reasons major changes has taken place in land use. RS and GIS technique has been used to detect the land use and land cover changes (LULCC), Vegetation & non vegetation and (LST) land surface temperature in Lahore city for the year 2000 - 2020. Images of Landsat 4-5 (TM) Thermal Mapper for 2000 & 2010, Landsat 7 for 2005 and Landsat 8 OLI 2020 & 2015 were used. By using supervised classification method land use land cover maps were developed. Vegetation & non-vegetation and temperature maps were developed. The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020, many changes in land use occurred. Vegetative land, water bodies and vacant land decreased while built-up area increases from 2000 to 2020. On the other hand, due to development of urban areas, land surface temperature have also increased. The temperature distribution map showed that in 2000 the land surface temperature was low as compared to the land surface temperature of 2020. The vegetation land decreases and non- vegetation land increased from 2000 to 2020. It is recommended that proper planning should be made to protect the green area from urban development and steps should be taken to lessen the land surface temperature effect such as planting more trees.Item A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT STATUS OF SOIL POLLUTION IN SELECTED RURAL AREAS AND URBAN AREA OF DISTRICT KASUR.(KINNAIRE COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-12) ASUMA RAZAThe current knowledge of the soil pollution in Kasur an urban area of Pakistan is discussed with special reference to heavy metals. Irregular increase in this urban community has started showing some concerns in recent years that has become the major concern for the pedologist and is acting as a barrier for agricultural activities in that area. The soil of urban area has been investigated and it turn out to be a contaminated soil. This study will show the comparison between the soil quality of an urban area and a rural area. The selected rural areas are from the vicinity of District Kasur. As the urban soil has been contaminated with heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, nickel, and chromium such pollution in soil is the result of tanneries and rapid urbanization. The above mentioned metals are high in urban area as compared to rural areas. The more the far a rural area is from urban the better is the quality of a soil. The samples will be collected from Kasur city and four villages ( Maan , shaikpur Kuhna , Mahlem Kalan and sultan shahwala). The villages chosen are approximately 15 to 20 km away from Kasur and falls in the vicinity of Ganda Singh boarder. Through the sampling assessment variation in the metal content between these areas was evaluated. The farmers of rural areas are unaware of the necessity of soils qualitative analysis which is why this research is based on such comparison. The level of chromium was also tested from the selected samples. The highest and alarming was found in city sample and the least was found in the village sample. The purpose of this study and sampling was to highlight the fact that urbanization may cause concentration of high-level metals pollutant in its adjoining rural areas. The high concentration of heavy metals in rural soil was not foundItem EFFECTS OF CORONA PANDEMIC ON MENTAL HEALTH OF THE RESIDENTS OF LAHORE(KINNAIRE COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-16) MAHNOOR BAJWAThe aim of this research is to locate whether COVID-19 is affecting people mentally or no. Which was surveyed from the residents of Lahore, Askari 10 and Harbanspura. CORONA VIRUS basically started in December, 2019 in China and expand everywhere in the world. It kept on increasing and took many lives. Other than mental health It affected in many other things in every way and prospect for example education, physical health, social life and employment. Questionnaire method was used for data collection. The statistical analysis was also applied through SPSS which is in the form of bar graphs. The research showed that COVID-19 is affecting the mental health pf the people, and its reasons and consequences have also been figured outItem SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE URBAN GREEN SPACES OF LAHORE-PAKISTAN(Geography department kinnaird college, 0022-06-22) ISBAH SOHAILVegetation cover of Lahore is decreasing day by day. The main reason behind this is urbanization which is growing with every passing day. In 2000, population of Lahore was 5576000 and in 2020 it increased to 12642000. Increased population requires more space to live which leads to declining in green spaces of this metropolitan city. Rapid urbanization has several other problems as well but this research has been done to focus on vegetation and its impact on environment. Urban green spaces have a great impact on mitigate the rising temperature of land and as well as air. In this context, this study has analyzed and assess the changes in vegetation cover of Lahore, LST and the variation in climatic pattern over the past 20 years. This assessment is being done through various indices like NDVI, LST and the data collected from MET office which concluded that there has been a drastic change in urban green spaces which has an impact on climatic temperature as well.