MPhil Students

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    Intrusion Detection in IoMT based Smart Healthcare System (SHS) using Deep Learning techniques
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-23) Attiya Khan
    The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has infiltrated nearly every aspect of life. One of the most important areas where IoT solutions and infrastructures are used widely is smart healthcare system (SHS). IoT-based smart healthcare solutions have significantly increased the benefit of the healthcare sector with the use of mobile and wearable devices. Smart healthcare reduces hospitalization costs and provides timely treatment for a number of medical conditions by incorporating IoT sensors into health monitoring equipments. Today, the purpose of healthcare systems is not confined to treating patients only. In SHS, wearables, implantable devices, and sensors monitor the vital parameters of a patient. These parameters are sent for evaluation to the emergency services or healthcare professionals. This results in a significant usage of health data exchange for improved, timely, and more accurate diagnosis. Nevertheless, SHS are extremely prone to a variety of security breaches and malicious attacks, such as tampering, privacy leakage, and forgery. In the smart healthcare domain, it is essential to take a systematic approach to privacy and security measures in communication, data storage, interconnecting things, and data handling. In various studies, several intrusion detection systems (IDS) have been proposed to detect cyber security threats in SHS and to identify malicious attacks and privacy breaches. This study was conducted as a consequence of the limits of IDSs in responding to challenges and attacks and in implementing attacks and privacy access control in the SHSs. In this study, we designed a deep learning-based intrusion detection system to efficiently identify smart healthcare network intrusions by evaluating traffic flow data. We specifically used the “Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)” technique to detect malicious attacks and other security threats in SHS. In this system, we utilized the CFS algorithm for feature selection. The objective is to select a subset of features having a high feature-class correlation in order to maintain or boost predictive power, and low feature-feature correlation to prevent redundancy. We evaluated the proposed system using Wustl-ehms-2020 IoMT dataset. The proposed system achieves accuracy of 96%, which is greater than existing v approaches. This study demonstrates that our approach outperforms other cutting-edge techniques for intrusion
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    ADAPTATION OF XAI-FML METHODOLOGY FOR EFFICIENT AND SECURE E-HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-23) RABIA ABID
    Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applicable in many sector (like educations, healthcare, businesses, government bodies, etc) to lessen the human effort and to create an ease. All AI based systems have decision support systems (DSS) to help human in all high-pitch and low pitch situation. As a support system many machines learning (ML) based algorithms helps to make accurate decision according to situation, increase accuracy rate in data classification and enhance the performance of systems. Explainable AI (XAI) has advance feature to en hanced the decision-making feature and improve the rule base technique by using more ad vance ML and deep learning (DL) based algorithms. In this research we chose e-healthcare systems for efficient decision making and data classification, where quite massive data like patients’ health record (PHR), hospitals confidential information, administrative data, research data, physicians’ details, and many other. In this research work, we identify the existing gaps in traditional AI and ML based algorithms for efficient e-healthcare systems and trying to over come it by using XAI and advance ML based algorithm Federated Machine Learning (FML). FML is a new and advance technology which helps to maintain privacy for PHR and handle large amount of medical data effectively. In this context, XAI along with FML increase the efficiency and improve the security also of the e-healthcare systems. The performed experi ment shows the efficient system performance by implementing federated averaging algorithm on open source FL platform. The evaluating graphs shows the accuracy rate by taking epochs size 5, batch size 16 and no. of clients 5, which shows higher accuracy rate with (19, 10−4). To conclude our research, we discuss the future work with still existing some gaps in e-healthcare system like security, price, efficiency, performance evaluation and many other.
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    Online Gaming Addiction, Narcissistic Tendencies, Interpersonal Communication and Loneliness among University Students
    (KINNAIRD COLLEGE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-01) Isha Tariq
    In our fast-paced society, where everyone is busy in their personal achievement. The communication style is drastically changed and the new generation is experiencing more interpersonal communication difficulty, narcissistic tendencies and loneliness. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between online gaming addiction, narcissistic tendencies, interpersonal communication and loneliness among university students. It was hypothesized that there is likely of significant positive relationship between gaming addiction, narcissistic tendencies, Interpersonal communication and loneliness among university students. Secondly, it was hypothesized that gaming addiction, narcissistic tendencies and interpersonal communication are predictors of loneliness among university students. Thirdly, it was hypothesized that there is likely of significant gender differences in terms of online gaming addiction, narcissistic tendencies, interpersonal communication and loneliness among university students. The sample of 120 students were taken which includes both girls and boys. The purposive sampling strategy was used, sample of girls (n=60) and boys (n=60) selected for the study. The age range of the participants was 18-25 years. The target population was universities students. The measurement tools used for the study was gaming addiction scale, NP-16, Interpersonal communication inventory and UCLA loneliness scale. The Correlational research design used for this study. Independent Sample t-test, Multiple Hierarchical Regression was used for this study. The findings depict a significant positive relationship between gaming addiction, narcissism and loneliness. Gaming addiction, narcissism and interpersonal communication is significant predictor of loneliness among university students. The result of independent sample t- test reveal males are significantly more dependent to gaming addiction and female showed higher level of narcissism and Loneliness.
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    CHILDHOOD TRAUMA, ATTACHMENT STYLES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOM DISORDER
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-06-12) UMME IZZA BAJWA
    This study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma, attachment styles and psychological distress among patients diagnosed with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder. It further examined the mediating role of attachment styles between childhood trauma and psychological distress. Correlational research design was used to conduct the study. A sample of female and male adult patients diagnosed with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (N = 120), (Females = 108, Males = 12), between the ages of 14-65, (M= 26.7, SD= 6.30) was recruited from government and semi government hospitals across Lahore. All participants completed Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (Pennebaker & Sussman, 1987), The Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Shaver, 1990) and The 10-item Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress (Kessler et al., 2003). Results showed a significant positive relationship between the traumas of death of closed ones, divorce or separation in parents, sexual abuse, major upheaval in life and fearful, dismissive attachment styles and psychological distress. Psychological distress was found to have positive significant relationship with preoccupied attachment styles. It was also found that fearful, preoccupied and dismissive attachment styles mediated the relationship between least experienced domain of childhood trauma i.e. trauma of divorce/separation in parents and psychological distress. Findings from this study could emphasize the importance of early identification and intervention for individuals with a history of childhood trauma and insecure attachment styles.
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    DECISION-MAKING, SENSATION-SEEKING, AND RISK APPRAISAL IN SMOKING AND NON SMOKING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-06-12) AYESHA AYYAZ
    The research aimed to examine the relationship between decision-making, sensation-seeking, and risk appraisal in smoking and non-smoking university students and to find out the predictors of risk appraisal in these university students. A cross-sectional research design was used. The sample of the study was university students (N=200), age range 18-27 years (M=22.5, SD=4.67) were selected using purposive sampling from different private and government universities of Lahore. The questionnaires used in the study were Decision-making Scale (Mann et al., 1997), Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (Hoyle et al., 2002), and Risk Appraisal Scale (Lipkus & Mays, 2018). In smoking students, the result showed a significant negative relationship between the aspects of decision-making and sensation-seeking, and risk appraisal. While in smokers the results showed a significant positive relationship between decision-making and risk appraisal and a significant negative relationship between both variables with sensation-seeking. After controlling for the effect of control variables, the buck-passing aspect of decision-making emerged as a significant predictor of perceived harm while decision self-esteem, vigilance, and disinhibition emerged as the significant predictors of worry about harm and addiction. Experience Seeking, thrill and adventure seeking, and boredom susceptibility turned out to be significant predictors of smoking behavior. The results can be used by researchers to develop targeted interventions aimed at reducing smoking behaviors in university students. The study highlights the role of sensation-seeking behavior in the development of smoking behavior among university students. This outcome may be used to increase awareness among the student population about the potential risks associated with smocking.
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    EATING ATTITUDES, BODY IMAGE AND SELF ESTEEM AMONG WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-06-12) RABIA ASLAM
    The aim of the study was to compare the differences in eating attitudes, body image and level of self-esteem among women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a very complicated endocrine disorder, making it difficult and tough to diagnose in routine clinical practice even though it is quite common. This study was a cross-sectional research. A total of 142 women participated, out of which 71 women were diagnosed with PCOS, selected from a gynecology clinic through purposive sampling strategy and 71 women were without PCOS matched on age and marital status. Age range of the participants were 17-36 years (M= 21.73, S.D= 3.96). Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were used to collect data from participants. Data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS 25. Independent Sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis of data. Results of the study indicated that there was significant difference between women with and without PCOS regarding eating attitudes (Dieting, Bulimia & Food Preoccupation and Oral Control), body image and self-esteem. Women with PCOS scored high on eating attitudes and body image which showed more disordered eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction among them. Women with PCOS scored low on self-esteem scale which showed low level of esteem among them as compared to non-PCOS. The study has implications for mental health workers, psychologists, sociologists, physician, gynecologists and community workers to better understand the syndrome and to design appropriate interventions and protective factors for women with PCOS
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    Parenting Styles, Rejection Sensitivity, Impulsivity and Mental Health of Incarcerated Individuals
    (KINNAIRE COLLEGE PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, 0023-06-12) Marriam Shahid
    First and foremost I would like to thank the Almighty Allah for granting me the strength, health, courage and inspiration to prosper and enrich my knowledge. He is indeed the unseen force behind making this I am whole heartedly to Him. Secondly, I would like to express my extreme gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Masha Asad Khan for her guidance, patience and kindness. I’m thankful to her for taking time to assist and understand me throughout the time and my thesis had been a great experience with her constant efforts and provision. I would also thankful to my HOD, Dr. Afsheen Gul, for her constant support, encouragement and commitment during the completion of this study. I am thankful to the Institution of which I have been a part and always provided me with the required material which I needed for the research completion. `Last but not the least; I would like to thank my parents who had played significant role throughout my journey, without whom I wouldn’t have been able to achieve this much in life and who provided me with unconditional love and support. Thanks to my mother and father who encouraged me to pursue my dreams and taught me to never be afraid of being an independent woman and to be devoted to accomplishing all my goals in life. I would also like to thank my family and friends who have always motivated and supported me through thick and thin in obtaining this degree.
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    مسافت
    (DEPARTMENT OF MEDIA STUDIES KINNAIRD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN UNIVERSITY, 0023-06-13) Alishba Akbar, F21MPMS001
    Single parenting presents unique challenges for individuals who are fulfilling the role of a single father or single mother in society. Their struggles and hardships differ from those experienced by individuals in two-parent households. This research project aims to raise awareness about the unique challenges faced by single parents, particularly single mothers, in society. The accompanying short film highlights how society often turns single parenting into a social issue and unjustly blames and criticizes single mothers for their circumstances. By shedding light on the untold stories of single mothers, this project seeks to amplify their voices and emphasize the need for society to stop stigmatizing and blaming them. The film specifically focuses on the struggles and sufferings of a single mother who faces societal pressure and loneliness while raising her children. It depicts how society affects a person's life and behaviour, bringing out both the best and the worst in individuals. Through this project,single mothers can learn how to become resilient fighters who overcome their fears, hurdles, and challenges while living in a society that can be harsh and unsupportive. The ultimate goal is to empower single mothers to become responsive to society's challenges and work towards their own and their children's betterment.
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    DRINKING WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF RURAL PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
    (Kinnaird Collehe Enviornmental Science Department, 0024-01-18) AYESHA MOHSIN
    The compromised drinking water quality in primary schools can lead to various health issues, particularly among children, as they are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of contaminants. It can also impact their attendance, concentration, and overall well-being. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the physiochemical and microbial drinking water quality, using standard methods, among 274 primary schools of rural Punjab, Pakistan. A total number of 18 cities were selected for sampling purpose and results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Results showed that EC (14.60%), TDS (10.95%), DO Total hardness (16.06%), Cl (29.56%), F (12.04%), Nitrate (16.42%), Cr (7.30%), Ni (8.39%), and As (10.95%) exceeded WHO recommended range. MPN method was used to test microbiological contamination in drinking water samples. Results showed that 36% of samples were bacteriologically contaminated with Total coliforms. Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) revealed, 38%, 41%, 16%, 4% and 1% of the water samples to be categorized as good water, fair water, poor water, very poor and unsuitable for drinking respectively, thus making overall water quality not suitable for drinking purposes. Health risk assessment of suggests HQ indices for Pb and Ni in all the samples was <1, which imparting no potential adverse health effect to the study population. Some samples had shown HQ>1 for Cr, As and F. All the samples of Pb had cancer risk E-04. Pearson correlation matrix showed statistically significant relationships (p<0.01) between various physiochemical parameters. Health risk survery from parents found that majority of the respondents had knowledge about water borne diseases and were suffering from Hepatitis A (12.7%), Kidney problems (13%), Diarrhoea/Vomiting (26%), Abdominal pain (25%), tiredness (33.3) and Dysentery (4.8) etc. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was used for determining Willingness to pay (WTP) for drinking water quality which was found to be PKR. 974.69, This amounts can make a difference in water quality. ANOVA, Chi square, Crammers V and linear regression test, with a p-value <0.05, revealed that income and education level significantly affected the willingness to pay for improved drinking water. Hence, authorities should regularly monitor the drinking water quality in public primary schools to ensure a safe and healthy learning environment for the students and staff
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    TREATMENT OF PHENOL AND CRYSTAL VIOLET DYE FROM WASTEWATER USING BIOSILICA HYDROGEL NANOCOMPOSITES
    (0024-01-18) EASHA TIR RAZIA
    In this study, adsorption of Phenol and Crystal Violet (CV) dye was investigated while using adsorbent Biosilica hydrogel nanocomposites. Biosilica hydrogel nanocomposites were prepared using the hydrogel extracted from okra mucilage and silica extracted from sugarcane bagasse. To examine the functional groups and morphology, these nanocomposites were characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared Radiations (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The batch adsorption experiments were performed by varying factors such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration. From the results it was found that the maximum removal of crystal violet was 83% at 0.1g/250mL, initial concentration 30 ppm, pH 12 and contact time of 30 minutes. Phenol showed the removal of 79% at optimum conditions i.e. dosage 0.4g/200mL, initial concentration 10 ppm, pH 7 and contact time of 15 minutes. Langmuir was best fitted for phenol (qm 16.28 mg/g) while Freundlich (qm 120.48 mg/g) for crystal violet. Hence, the results indicate that the biosilica hydrogel nanocomposites proved to be more effective for removal of crystal violet as compared to phenol. Moreover, the synthesized adsorbent can be used as the efficient and cost effective alternative for the adsorption of toxic pollutants and coloring agents from wastewater
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    ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF URBAN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
    (Kinnaitd College for women Enviornmental Science Departement, 0024-01-18) FATIMA BILAL
    The availability of safe drinking water is necessary for healthy life but access to safe drinking water has become a major problem around the world, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Young children are more vulnerable to the health impacts due to contaminated water which often lead to waterborne diseases, affecting the overall well-being of students The study’s goal was to assess the drinking water quality in primary schools of Punjab, and 17 of physio chemical and bacteriological parameters were considered to determine the water quality. For analysis, 300 samples of drinking water were collected from primary public schools registered in urban areas across 36 districts of Punjab.The findings revealed that majority of the water quality parameters were within the permissible limits with reference to the physicochemical parameters.The measured pH for water samples ranged from 7 to 10. Majority of the samples had pH within the limit. Noticeable variation was observed in the turbidity levels of the collected samples from tap as compared to the samples collected from the tanks. The turbidity levels ranged between 8.22 NTU and 10.25 NTU.7.3% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of WHO for turbidity. The maximum TSS value i.e 670 mg/l was observed in the samples collected from Vehari.For TDS,15.6 % of the samples exceeded the limit.In addition, colonies of E. Coli and fecal coliform were detected in majority of the samples. Moreover, in some samples colonies of E. Coli and colonies of fecal coliform were uncountable.The highest value of F- was observed in the samples of Sialkot(7.2 mg/L).21% of the samples exceeded the limit set by WHO and NDWQS. The highest detected concentration for As was 67.21 µg/l with 55 % of the samples exceeded the permissible limit which is 10ug/l.The Cancer Risk(CR) values ranged from 0.1863 to 7.787. The calculated CR values were significantly higher than the permissible limit of 10 to 6 set by USEPA. Drinking Water Quality Index categorized, 0.66 % asexcellent,10.3%, 19%, 11.3%, 8% and 1% water samples as good, fair,poor,very poor and unfitfor drinking respectively. The questionnaire survey also indicated that 52% of the studentssuffered from cholera and typhoid while, 46% suffered from other waterborne diseases
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    EVALUATION OF SILICA, ZINC AND SILICA/ZINC COMPOSITE NANOPARTICLES LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MOSQUITO VECTOR CONTROL
    (KINNAIRD COLLEGE ENVIORNMENTAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT., 0024-01-18) IQRA AMIN
    In this study silica (SiO2), zinc (Zn) and silica/zinc (SiO2/Zn) composite nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous leaves extract of Azadirachta indica as a simple, cheap and ecofriendly green material as a simple, cheap and ecofriendly material. The present study is based on the investigation of SiO2, Zn and SiO2/Zn composite nanoparticles against 2nd instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Larvicidal bioassay tests were conducted at various doses of NPs for 24 hours. Mortality data was subjected to probit analysis to determine the LC50, LC90, and LC99 values. Results demonstrated high potency of ZnO NPs against 2nd instar A. aegypti larvae. ZnO NPs gave a great larvicidal effect against A. aegypti larvae. Although, larvae treated with all the nanoparticles showed probit of mortality to be linear and R2 <1. But green synthesized ZnO NPs showed more significant results as compared to silica, and silica/zinc composites nanoparticles. These findings suggest that green synthesized NPs could serve as an alternative potent technology for mosquito vector control
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    RAPID DETECTION OF PESTICIDES AND HEAVY METALS IN CANNED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AND ESTIMATION OF HEALTH RISK.
    (KINNAIRD COLLEGE ENVIORNMENTAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT, 0024-01-18) KASHMALA NAUMAN
    A rainbow of fruits and vegetables in diet supports overall wellbeing and health of humans and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. However, the presence of pesticide residues and heavy metal accumulation in fruits and vegetables has raised concerns about potential risk to human health. This study was carried out to identify concentration of pesticides and heavy metals in canned fruits and vegetables and estimate the potential health risk to humans. Different types of canned fruits and vegetable samples were purchased from Al Fatah, Imtiaz super market and Risen store. Total seventeen samples, ten canned vegetables (sweet corn, green peas, mushrooms, green olives, red kidney beans, garlic, red chili, cauliflower, carrot, lemon) and seven canned fruits (peach, grapes, pear, pineapple, red cherry, papaya, lychee) of different local and international brands were taken. By using (HPLC) four types of pesticides i.e. Glyphosate, Bifenthrin, Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole were analyzed in these samples and five heavy metals i.e zinc, manganese, chromium, cobalt and copper were determined by Atomic Absorption. The results showed that concentration of glyphosate in vegetables sweet corn (0.4 ppm), green peas (0.3 ppm), mushrooms (0.15 ppm), green olives (0.21 ppm) , red kidney beans (0.6 ppm), garlic clove (0.60 ppm), red chilli (0.3 ppm), cauliflower (0.66 ppm), carrot (0.34 ppm) and lemon (0.65 ppm), and fruit peach (0.195 ppm) , grapes (0.21 ppm), pear (0.39 ppm), concentration of bifenthrin in vegetable green olives (0.11 ppm) and fruit pear (0.158 ppm) , lychee (0.171 ppm), concentration of imidacloprid in vegetable mushroom (0.15 ppm) and cauliflower (0.10 ppm) and fruit peach (0.29 ppm) and concentration of difenoconazole in vegetable mushroom (0.67 ppm) , green olives (0.13 ppm), garlic clove (0.3 ppm), lemon (0.416 ppm) and fruit peach (0.123 ppm) , grapes (0.133 ppm), pear (0.25 ppm), red cherry (0.25 ppm), papaya (0.11 ppm) , lychee (0.11 ppm) exceeded the MRL values set by WHO and FAO. While for heavy metals, concentration of zinc in all the vegetables sweet corn (0.062 ppm), green peas (0.049 ppm), mushroom (0.069 ppm), green olives (0.83 ppm), red kidney beans (0.031 ppm), garlic clove (0.251 ppm), red chilli (0.086 ppm) , cauliflower (0.022 ppm), carrot (0.041 ppm), lemon (0.017 ppm) and fruits peach (0.021 ppm) , grapes (0.18 ppm), pear (0.034 ppm), pineapple (0.256 ppm), red cherry (0.068 ppm), papaya (0.715 ppm), lychee (0.012 ppm) exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit set by FAO and WHO, concentration of manganese in vegetable sweet corn (0.208 ppm), green peas (0.247 ppm), mushrooms (0.184 ppm), garlic clove (0.04 ppm), red chilli (0.379 ppm), cauliflower (0.224 ppm) and concentration of cobalt in vegetable sweet corn (0.048 ppm), green peas (0.048 ppm), garlic clove (0.08 ppm) and fruit peach (0.048 ppm) exceeded the MRL values while concentration of chromium in vegetable mushroom , cauliflower, lemon and fruits pineapple, lychee were below detection limit (BDL). For copper no vegetable and fruit samples exceeded the MRL values.
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    UTILIZATION OF FOOD WASTE TO PRODUCE α AMYLASE AND SYNTHESIS OF α AMYLASE- NANOPARTICLES COMPOSITE FOR THE DEGRADATION OF TEXTILE DYE
    (0024-01-18) MAHNOOR SAFDAR
    Green synthesis of nanoparticles has bought the trend of using biomaterials to synthesize a variety of metallic nanoparticles. The current study reports the use of α amylase crude extract obtained by Aspergillus niger to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles. Characterization of CuO NPs was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the effectiveness of CuO NPs as catalytic agents for degradation of textile dye was evaluated. FTIR analysis shows protein molecules were responsible for capping and stabilization of nanoparticles while EDX analysis showed the presence of oxygen with copper. TEM analysis showed that particles size were less than 20nm. 100 µg/ml and 150 µg/ml doses of CuO NPs were found effective to degrade the red dye of different concentrations (1ppm, 2ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm) at different time intervals. 100% dye degradation was achieved at dose of 100 µg/ml dose at 1ppm of dye concentration. This study has demonstrated utilization of food waste into production of a significant and cost-effective product i.e. α amylase CuO NP composit
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    BESAHARA
    (2023-05-17) FATIMA HAMEED
    In Pakistan, old age homes refer to facilities that provide housing, healthcare, and social support to elderly individuals who are unable to live independently. These homes are often run by non-profit organizations or the government, and aim to provide a safe and comfortable environment for seniors who may not have family members to care for them or who require specialized medical attention. Old age homes typically offer a range of services, including medical care, meals, and recreational activities. Many facilities also provide spiritual and emotional support to residents. The cost of living in an old age home can vary depending on the level of care needed and the location of the facility. While there is a growing demand for old age homes in Pakistan due to the country's aging population and changing family structures, the quality and availability of such facilities remains a challenge. Many homes lack adequate resources and staff, which can result in substandard living conditions and neglect of residents. There have also been reports of abuse and mistreatment in some facilities. Efforts are underway to improve the quality and availability of old age homes in Pakistan, including through government funding and partnerships with non-profit organizations. However, there is still much work to be done to ensure that elderly individuals in Pakistan have access to safe and supportive living environments.
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    WOMAN: A SYMBOL OF SACRIFICE
    (2023-05-17) MAHA IJAZ KHAN
    “WOMAN:A SYMBOL OF SACRIFICE” a fictional short film that intended to show the fact to society that A women’s whole life is a sequence of sacrifices either in the form of daughter ,wife, mother at any point of time in every relation she has always sacrificed her own happiness for her beloved. Sacrifices that a woman makes for her beloved ones cannot be quantified. It is selfless giving.Isn`t it ironical, that even after sacrificing everything for her beloved ones, a woman never acknowledges the fact that she has sacrificed a lot for them.The least one can do is to appreciate her efforts.The storyline told in a narrative format that targeted to a broad audience. Keywords: Sacrifices, women, efforts, beloved ones, relations
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    CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER SECURITY IN SOUTH ASIA
    (DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 2023-05-18) HAMNA MAHMOOD DOGAR & HARRAM AKHTAR
    Climate change and water security are among the most pressing issues faced by South Asian countries. This case study examines the Indian Hydro Aggression on Bangladesh from 2010 to 2022, which highlights the impact of climate change on water resources and the geopolitical implications of water security in the region. The research focuses on the significance of this case study in understanding the complex interplay between climate change, water security, and geopolitical tensions in South Asia. The study addresses the problem of the unequal distribution of water resources and the effects of water scarcity on vulnerable populations, particularly in Bangladesh. The methodology used in this study includes a qualitative analysis of secondary sources, including academic articles, government reports, and news articles. The study also analyses primary sources, such as interviews with experts in the field, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Indian Hydro Aggression and its impact on Bangladesh. The results of the study indicate that climate change has resulted in a reduction in water resources, which has led to an increase in geopolitical tensions between India and Bangladesh. The Indian Hydro Aggression, which involves the construction of dams and the diversion of water from rivers that flow into Bangladesh, has exacerbated water scarcity, and affected the livelihoods of millions of people in Bangladesh. The study’s implications suggest that the issue of water security must be addressed urgently to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and reduce geopolitical tensions in South Asia. This requires a shift in focus from national interests to regional cooperation, including the adoption of integrated water resource management policies that prioritize the needs of all stakeholders. The Indian Hydro Aggression on Bangladesh is a clear example of the ongoing issues related to unequal distribution of water resources and the geopolitical tensions that arise due to the same. Despite signing several treaties between India and Bangladesh, the issue of water sharing remains contentious, and the Indian Hydro Aggression has further intensified the problem. Moreover, the impacts of climate change, such as floods and droughts, exacerbate the water scarcity issue in Bangladesh, affecting vulnerable populations and their livelihoods. The Indian Hydro Aggression in Bangladesh has caused reduced freshwater availability, salinization of soil, and a decline in fish production, emphasizing the need for integrated water resource management and regional cooperation to address water security and mitigate climate change effects.
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    The uneaten reality
    (2023-06-13) Bushra Altaf
    A major amount of food is being wasted around the globe and causing harm to our environment along with the increasing poverty. Pakistan and specifically Lahore are considered very polluted for the all the living beings. The air quality of Lahore is very low and it becomes more significant in winters when thick smog clouds cover the city. This smog is not only having connection with the smoke from brick kilns and industrial wastes but with the methane gas coming out of wasted food too. This documentary will uncover the connection between wasted food and the environment of Lahore. Moreover, it will make the government and public aware of the issue and highlight how to deal with it at their levels. Key words: Environment, polluted, Air quality, wasted food, Smog
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    THE TWO SHADES OF LIFE
    (2023-06-13) FAIZA GHAFFAR
    “The two shades of life” is a short film that intended to spread awareness about the gap between two society .This research focuses on the life of two segments of people which is poor and the rich man. There are two shades of life in our society, one is ‘The life of poor man’ and the second is ‘The life of rich man. In our society not everyone belong to same situation. Everyone wants to luxury life, but it’s not possible for every person. There have no lives of poor in this society. I think became born in poor family is just like a sin, because everyone want to spend the luxury life. When I saw those old fathers which is just tried to world and want to die for this extreme poverty. I want to highlight the life of rich man which is spend totally luxury life and also highlight the poor man life which is just like a sin. I want to explore the luxury life of rich man and hand to mouth life of poor man. Keywords: shades of life, awareness, humanity, luxury, hand to mouth
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    PLEASING ILLUSIONS
    (DEPARTMENT OF MEDIA STUDIES KINNAIRD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN UNIVERSITY LAHORE,, 2023-06-13) KINZA AZAM
    Today, advertising bombards our senses with an ideological portrayal of life, depicting perfect models, spotless houses, and expensive automobiles. Although, there's no denying the power of advertising to shape our expectations and motivate us to buy a particular product because the researcher led to think it would help us achieve our goals. However, there is a lot more going on beneath the surface when it comes to the factors that influence our purchasing decisions. Today we are enslaved to mindless consumerism by the useless narratives that marketers push, which profoundly affect our culture and sense of collective worth. This documentary delves into advertising and examines how the creative process actively seeks to instil a need for perfection in us. This project has investigated the motivations behind these popular stories in depth, zeroing in on the idea of perfectionism in advertising and its potential influence on the public. The documentary takes an informative narrative approach, including insights from several interviewees on this critical subject with a mix of creative footage and ads. Bringing a fresh viewpoint to the topic, the documentary encourages thoughtful consideration of the role that advertising has had in shaping modern culture. The essay stresses the need of not taking advertising at face value due to their inaccuracy. Keywords: advertising, perfectionism, societal impact, consumerism, manipulation, documentary, awareness