Thesis and Dissertations

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PLORATION OF ROLE OF FAMILY IN BULLYING AMONG MOTHERS OF BULLIED CHILDREN
(0021-06-12) KHADEEJA ARFAN
This qualitative study is designed to explore mothers perspectives related to bullying and explore role of family in bullying among mothers of bullied children ,the roles which family members can play to moderate the impact of bullying. This research was conducted by using simple qualitative method, structured interview method was used to collect the data from the participants and the participants for this research were selected by using purposive sampling technique .Total number of 4 mothers were selected for my research whose children had experienced any sort of bullying in school or home settings at least once. In order to maintain diversity, the inclusion criteria will be further classified in a manner that it includes mothers who have at least done matric, mothers of students living as an intacted family, mothers of students living in a joint family were part of my research. Before conducting the major research pilot study was conducted to increase the feasibility of my reseach.then at last the data which was collected from the participants it was analyzed using interpretative phemenological approach, according to this approach first the data was collected from the participants through the interview method and it will be recorded. Secondly the collected data will be organized and then it will be categorized into the categories. Thirdly the extraneous variables will be excluded and the then the categories will be examined. The data will be send to the participant if any changes has to be made. Then lastly after listening the recorded data it will be arranged in the themes. The results of this current study gives an insight of bullying perceptions and it explores the roles of family among mothers of bullied children, this study also explores the bullying experiences which their child had encountered, causes behind bullying, reasons behind being victim, effects of bullying and coping from the impact of bullying. The mothers reported that after the children being victim of bullying they had suffer
A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING FEAR AND APPREHENSIONS EXPERIENCED BY WOMEN WITH MISCARRIAGES
(0021-06-12) AIMAN ZAHID
ABSTRACT Pregnancy is an important life experience, and the loss of a pregnancy can have negative psychological consequences. Despite advances in our understanding of grieving following perinatal loss, there has been relatively little research particularly addressing bereavement following miscarriages. The goal of this study was to learn more about a group of Pakistani women's miscarriage experience. Semi-structured interviews with 3 women who had miscarriages, were used to use an interpretive phenomenology technique. In depth interviews and stories helped to gain a better understanding on the care that women received in the hospital. The data was analysed and interpreted using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Women's miscarriage experiences are characterised by a loss of hope. Three themes were explored in this study: 1) Dealing with the loss of hope, 2) regaining emotional equilibrium, and 3) recognising the need for intervention. Miscarriage is an inevitable event that has to be addressed right away. According to the findings, women gain from support from their husband, family, friends, and health care providers during and after a miscarriage. This study emphasizes the problems that women face as a result of miscarriage. Health practitioners must provide greater in-depth information and empathic treatment to women. The need of better understanding the emotional affects, behaviors, and coping techniques that women find to be significant in the field of social work is important because of the widespread nature of miscarriage. Professionals in the medical field must be trained to provide emotionally sympathetic treatment to these women.
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN STUDENTS
(0021-06-12) BISMA TANVIR
The findings imply that personality traits are the strong predictors of better academic performance. However, several personality traits do not have a positive impact on the academic performance. The population of this research consists of students in various colleges and universities. Thus, the sample consists of bachelor's and master's students. Existing scales are adopted with minor changes to make it more suitable and understandable within the study context. A total of 154 questionnaires were distributed. Among these 154 questionnaires, 78 questionnaires were received from men and 76 were received from women for the purpose of data analysis. This shows an encouraging response from the targeted sample. Education and productivity of the students are influenced by their personality as well as their emotional intelligence abilities. The findings imply that being extrovert is a strong predictor of student achievement and should be prioritized in intervention strategies. Despite its low overall relative value, agreeableness is a significant driver of student achievement. The conclusions of the current study have significant consequences for educators and policymakers.
CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE SELF ESTEEM AND EMTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG ADULTS
(0021-06-12) RIDA PERVAIZ SARDAR
The purpose of the study is to identify the psychological, behavioral, emotional and physical change that occurs in children with childhood traumatic experiences and how it affects emotional intelligence and self esteem. Violence and abuse victims do not inflict the violence on themselves, they do not necessarily lack confidence, and they are not equally abusive as the abuser. Sexual, physical, or emotional abuse in relationships happens when one person believes they have more authority and power over their partner and decides to use abuse to acquire and keep that control. Abuse causes disruptions in emotion regulation of adult’s emotions. The emotions researcher addresses in this research are Impulsiveness, low self esteem and low assertiveness This research was conducted with a prominent objective of improving and highlighting the societal and mental problems that are faced by abused victims living in Pakistan. The study uses quantitative research to check the relationship between childhood trauma and emotional affect of the trauma on the abused victim, their mental well-being, self-esteem and moral development. Such individuals turn out to be impulsive, low self esteem which affect their adult relationships. The results of this study revealed that there is negative correlation between childhood experience and self-esteem. Additionally, this study's findings indicate a favorable relationship between emotional intelligence and self-esteem.. Lastly, the findings suggest that childhood trauma positively predicts affect on emotion intelligence.
ATTACHMENT STYLES, COPING STRATEGIES, AND PERCEIVED STRESS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
(0021-06-12) SYEDA KHADEEJA IMRAN
This study aimed at examining the relationship between attachment styles, coping strategies, and perceived stress in university students. It also aimed to understand the role of attachment styles and coping strategies as predictors of perceived stress in university students. A sample of undergraduate university students (N=200) between the ages of 19 and 24 (M = 1.35, SD = .48) was taken from HEC-recognized universities in Lahore. All participants completed Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), Brief-Cope (Carver, 1997), and Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1994). Results showed a significant positive relationship between anxiety attachment and perceived stress. It also stated that coping strategies such as self-distraction, denial, emotional support, instrumental support, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame also have a positive correlation with perceived stress. The results also stated that close attachment was a predictor of perceived stress. Coping strategies such as religion, acceptance, active coping, and behavioral disengagement also predicted perceived stress among university students. Significant gender differences were there in close and dependent attachment styles among university students. Males had a more close and dependent attachment style than females.
HOPE, SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-EFFICACY AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS
(0021-06-12) SYEDA TAYYAB BUKHARI
The study was conducted to determine the relationship between hope, self-esteem, self-efficacy and life satisfaction among Young Adults. It was hypothesized that there is a significant relationship between hope, self-esteem, self-efficacy and life satisfaction among young adults. Results indicated that there is a significant no gender between hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy except life satisfaction. A sample of (N=300, age=18-30) of individuals; 150 males, and 150 females participated from Lahore, Pakistan via physical survey. The data was collected through Simple Random sampling. Four questionnaires were used to find the relation between hope, self esteem, self-efficacy and life satisfaction, which are named as Trait Hope Scale (Snyder, 2002), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1989), General Self-Efficacy Scale (Jerusalem & Schwarzer, 1981) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al, 1985; Pavot & Diener, 1993). The results revealed that there was a significant negative relationship between hope and self-esteem and significant positive relationship between hope self-efficacy and life satisfaction. It also indicated that hope as a predictor, predicts the self-esteem, self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Independent sample t-test was employed in order to analyze the gender differences among the individuals Pakistan. The results revealed no significant gender differences among individuals except for life satisfaction.
AN ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WORK ENVIRONMENT IN PAKISTAN
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE LAW DEPARTMENT, 0022-05-17) AIMAN NOMAN
Child labour or bonded labour is the most common form of modern slavery in brick kilns and glass bangle making industries of Pakistan. Over the years, it has been strongly linked to socio-cultural aspects of the society. This type of complex child labour allows the child as well as their families to associate themselves physically as well as economically so that they become a part of this vicious cycle from which they are unable to break-free. The reason for this never-ending cycle mainly lies in the socio-economic factors which force a society to undertake such bondage. To eliminate such practises our country needs to devise a strategy which includes the economic uplifting, educational training and social stability of such families. This research report will help in understanding the extent to which the child labour has impregnated in such hazardous work environments mainly in brick kiln and glass bangle making industry and its adverse effects on mental and physical health of the children. Moreover, this paper will also emphasize on the international and national legal regimes which have helped in abolishing this threat to our industries and our bonded children over the span of years.
A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT STATUS OF SOIL POLLUTION IN SELECTED RURAL AREAS AND URBAN AREA OF DISTRICT KASUR.
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-12) ASUMA RAZA
The current knowledge of the soil pollution in Kasur an urban area of Pakistan is discussed with special reference to heavy metals. Irregular increase in this urban community has started showing some concerns in recent years that has become the major concern for the pedologist and is acting as a barrier for agricultural activities in that area. The soil of urban area has been investigated and it turn out to be a contaminated soil. This study will show the comparison between the soil quality of an urban area and a rural area. The selected rural areas are from the vicinity of District Kasur. As the urban soil has been contaminated with heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, nickel, and chromium such pollution in soil is the result of tanneries and rapid urbanization. The above mentioned metals are high in urban area as compared to rural areas. The more the far a rural area is from urban the better is the quality of a soil. The samples will be collected from Kasur city and four villages ( Maan , shaikpur Kuhna , Mahlem Kalan and sultan shahwala). The villages chosen are approximately 15 to 20 km away from Kasur and falls in the vicinity of Ganda Singh boarder. Through the sampling assessment variation in the metal content between these areas was evaluated. The farmers of rural areas are unaware of the necessity of soils qualitative analysis which is why this research is based on such comparison. The level of chromium was also tested from the selected samples. The highest and alarming was found in city sample and the least was found in the village sample. The purpose of this study and sampling was to highlight the fact that urbanization may cause concentration of high-level metals pollutant in its adjoining rural areas. The high concentration of heavy metals in rural soil was not found
An assesment of muncipal solid waste management.
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-12) Maliha Pervaiz
SPATIAL TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF PRRECIPITATION OF LAHORE
(Geography department Kinnaird College, 0022-06-16) FAIZA WAHEED KHA
The issue of climate changes causes damages from past two decades on environment. Increase in temperature and its affect on hydrology and rainfall is proof around the world. Exchange in precipitation pattern at once have an effect on water and catastrophe control. The aim of this research is to determine the pattern of rainfall of Lahore using GIS applications. Rainfall records for the duration of 20 years of monthly data 2000-2020 is provided by Meteorological Department and TRMM data is also obtained to applied interpolation method. Krigning method is used to map the precipitation of Lahore. The Meteorological Department plays important role in monitoring the situation and issued the assertion of modifications in climate and provide resources and gives warnings when situation calls for. We evaluated the traits in Spatial Temporal models of annual and periodic rainfall of Lahore in past 20 years (2000-2020) using precipitation data from the Meteorological Department,using Giovanni Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data, using Pearson Correlation test which can discriminates Long-term potentiation from trends. The outcome obtained that importance in tendencies acquire using Pearson test is increasing over past years. The annual precipitation of Lahore is increasing over past 20 years
EFFECTS OF CORONA PANDEMIC ON MENTAL HEALTH OF THE RESIDENTS OF LAHORE
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-16) MAHNOOR BAJWA
The aim of this research is to locate whether COVID-19 is affecting people mentally or no. Which was surveyed from the residents of Lahore, Askari 10 and Harbanspura. CORONA VIRUS basically started in December, 2019 in China and expand everywhere in the world. It kept on increasing and took many lives. Other than mental health It affected in many other things in every way and prospect for example education, physical health, social life and employment. Questionnaire method was used for data collection. The statistical analysis was also applied through SPSS which is in the form of bar graphs. The research showed that COVID-19 is affecting the mental health pf the people, and its reasons and consequences have also been figured out
A THEORETICAL STUDY OF METAL OXIDES
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-22) ZAINAB NASIR
Crystallographic characteristics of different materials such as ZrO2 and 𝛼-Fe2O3 was theoretically analyzed. Modeling is the modern field of physics. Modeling comes in action for such conditions when it is either difficult or impossible to perform experiments and achieve particular conditions. Instead of directly performing experiments and taking measurements modeling is used as replacement. The goal of theoretical modelling is to make a particular aspect or an entire behavior of experimental evidences easier to grasp, characterize, simulate and visualize with eventually being able to forecast such behavior through the use of changing parameters. Transition metal oxide-based nanomaterials such as ZnO, Co3O4, RuO2, Fe2O3, ZrO2, MnO2, IrO2, V2O5, WO3 and In2O3 have attracted a lot of attention due to their capacity to interact with atoms, molecules and ions not just at their active surfaces but also throughout the material. In this research, metal oxide-based nanomaterials polymorphs ZrO2 and 𝛼-Fe2O3 crystal structures models were created such as wireframe, polyhedral, stick and space filling for enhanced perception by using VESTA software. VESTA tool is used to visualize fractional coordinates for 𝛼-Fe2O3 and ZrO2. By using VESTA software powder diffraction pattern (XRD) were also formed and gives most intense lattice planes (111) and (104) for ZrO2 and 𝛼-Fe2O3 respectively. Calculated bond length of zirconium Zr with oxygen O1 and O2 is 2.1070 Å and 2.2634 Å sequentially while on the other hand bond length between Iron Fe and oxygen O is 1.5400 Å. The bond length is calculated in angstrom. These transition metal oxide-based nanomaterials are used in the field of security, energy and environment
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALUMINIUM DOPED ZINC OXIDE FOR ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLE
(KINNAIRD COLLEGE PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-22) MAHA JAVED
Technology has a significant impact on the electronics industry, causing it to become more creative and innovative in its production. Organic light-emitting diodes, or OLEDs, have transformed modern technology. We have studied that Aluminum doped zinc oxide tin coatings or thin films were produced by sputtering at various radio frequency power densities under argon gas pressure of 0.15 Pascal (Pa) to improve parameters at all for utilization for both in bottom emitting and transparent organic light emitting diodes. Therefore, the films have a wurtzite type hexagonal arrangement with 0002 preferential orientations and an optical transparency of more than 80 percent in the visible range, however the energy bandgap varies. Sputtering at a high radio frequency power density of 2.47 Wcm-2 produces Aluminium doped zinc oxide films with low resistivity and high work function, which are suitable for anodes in bottom emitting organic light emitting diodes. Al- doped ZnO films developed at a low radio frequency power density of 0.31 Wcm-2 , on the other hand, relate to a low work function with somewhat greater electrical resistivity and are therefore suitable for cathode in transparent organic LEDs. Hence, the equivalent performance of organic light emitting diodes made with Al-doped Zinc oxide and Indium tin oxide anodes confirms Aluminium doped zinc oxide applicability as an alternative electrode. We have studied that sol-gel method was used to create graded patterns of aluminum-doped zinc oxide or the AZO multilayered thin coating or thinner films on quartz glass substrate. To minimize stress, different Aluminium mol percent doped Zinc oxide graded topologies of multilayered thin films were developed. The tension between the layers was minimized by using graded multilayered thin films. X-ray diffraction abbreviated as XRD and an Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer have been used to explore and analyze the graded constructions of multilayered Aluminium doped zinc oxide thin coatings or thin films. As a result, multilayered graded thin films of the thin coatings may be generated with less stress then crystallized or stabilized all along the c-axis. Thus, the optical transmittance of the films is about 94.8 percent at 400 nanometers to 800 vi nanometers wavelength and the energy band-gap is approximately 3.27 electron volts. The sol-gel method has important implications for creating trustworthy aluminium doped zinc oxide multilayer nanostructures or the thin film coatings with minimal strain-stress for device applications such as OLEDs. The sol-gel method was considered to be the most promising and appropriate method for the synthesis of Al-doped ZnO for device applications such as OLEDs
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ZINC DOPED COBALT FERRITES
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-22) NOOR-UL-AIN
Ferrite is a magnetic ceramic-like substance that can be used in a variety of electronic devices. Ferrites are polycrystalline and they are made up of many microscopic crystals they are tough, brittle, iron-rich, and often grey and black in color. They are made up of an iron oxide chemical combination and one or more other metals. Nanostructured cubic spinel ferrites with finely controlled nanostructures open up the possibility of developing nanomaterials with specialized characteristics for specific uses. In this research work the structural and magnetic properties of Zn doped Co ferrites were studied and compared. Firstly, the Zn doped Co ferrites prepared by sol-gel method were studied. X-ray diffraction of Co1- xZnxFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, confirms the single phase cubic structure. Magnetic properties were investigated using the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The hysteresis curve of the samples reveals a considerable increase in magnetic properties. Also, the Zn-doped cobalt-ferrites with compositions of CoFe2xZnxO4 x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, were synthesized by auto combustion method. The XRD analysis of the prepared powders showed irregular shaped grains morphology, as well as small impurity phases. These ferrites are used in electronic industry in order to make components and it is also used in security systems
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BATTERIES ON BATTERY SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE PHYSICS DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-22) MARIA ASFAR
SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE URBAN GREEN SPACES OF LAHORE-PAKISTAN
(Geography department kinnaird college, 0022-06-22) ISBAH SOHAIL
Vegetation cover of Lahore is decreasing day by day. The main reason behind this is urbanization which is growing with every passing day. In 2000, population of Lahore was 5576000 and in 2020 it increased to 12642000. Increased population requires more space to live which leads to declining in green spaces of this metropolitan city. Rapid urbanization has several other problems as well but this research has been done to focus on vegetation and its impact on environment. Urban green spaces have a great impact on mitigate the rising temperature of land and as well as air. In this context, this study has analyzed and assess the changes in vegetation cover of Lahore, LST and the variation in climatic pattern over the past 20 years. This assessment is being done through various indices like NDVI, LST and the data collected from MET office which concluded that there has been a drastic change in urban green spaces which has an impact on climatic temperature as well.
USE OF GEO-SPATIAL TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES ON THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF LAHORE-PUNJAB
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-22) SUFAH KHAN
Lahore city of Pakistan, has witnessed population growth, rapid expansion and developmental activities such as construction of new societies, roads and buildings due to these reasons major changes has taken place in land use. RS and GIS technique has been used to detect the land use and land cover changes (LULCC), Vegetation & non vegetation and (LST) land surface temperature in Lahore city for the year 2000 - 2020. Images of Landsat 4-5 (TM) Thermal Mapper for 2000 & 2010, Landsat 7 for 2005 and Landsat 8 OLI 2020 & 2015 were used. By using supervised classification method land use land cover maps were developed. Vegetation & non-vegetation and temperature maps were developed. The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020, many changes in land use occurred. Vegetative land, water bodies and vacant land decreased while built-up area increases from 2000 to 2020. On the other hand, due to development of urban areas, land surface temperature have also increased. The temperature distribution map showed that in 2000 the land surface temperature was low as compared to the land surface temperature of 2020. The vegetation land decreases and non- vegetation land increased from 2000 to 2020. It is recommended that proper planning should be made to protect the green area from urban development and steps should be taken to lessen the land surface temperature effect such as planting more trees.
Intrusion Detection in IoMT based Smart Healthcare System (SHS) using Deep Learning techniques
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-23) Attiya Khan
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has infiltrated nearly every aspect of life. One of the most important areas where IoT solutions and infrastructures are used widely is smart healthcare system (SHS). IoT-based smart healthcare solutions have significantly increased the benefit of the healthcare sector with the use of mobile and wearable devices. Smart healthcare reduces hospitalization costs and provides timely treatment for a number of medical conditions by incorporating IoT sensors into health monitoring equipments. Today, the purpose of healthcare systems is not confined to treating patients only. In SHS, wearables, implantable devices, and sensors monitor the vital parameters of a patient. These parameters are sent for evaluation to the emergency services or healthcare professionals. This results in a significant usage of health data exchange for improved, timely, and more accurate diagnosis. Nevertheless, SHS are extremely prone to a variety of security breaches and malicious attacks, such as tampering, privacy leakage, and forgery. In the smart healthcare domain, it is essential to take a systematic approach to privacy and security measures in communication, data storage, interconnecting things, and data handling. In various studies, several intrusion detection systems (IDS) have been proposed to detect cyber security threats in SHS and to identify malicious attacks and privacy breaches. This study was conducted as a consequence of the limits of IDSs in responding to challenges and attacks and in implementing attacks and privacy access control in the SHSs. In this study, we designed a deep learning-based intrusion detection system to efficiently identify smart healthcare network intrusions by evaluating traffic flow data. We specifically used the “Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)” technique to detect malicious attacks and other security threats in SHS. In this system, we utilized the CFS algorithm for feature selection. The objective is to select a subset of features having a high feature-class correlation in order to maintain or boost predictive power, and low feature-feature correlation to prevent redundancy. We evaluated the proposed system using Wustl-ehms-2020 IoMT dataset. The proposed system achieves accuracy of 96%, which is greater than existing v approaches. This study demonstrates that our approach outperforms other cutting-edge techniques for intrusion
ADAPTATION OF XAI-FML METHODOLOGY FOR EFFICIENT AND SECURE E-HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
(KINNAIRE COLLEGE COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT, 0022-06-23) RABIA ABID
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applicable in many sector (like educations, healthcare, businesses, government bodies, etc) to lessen the human effort and to create an ease. All AI based systems have decision support systems (DSS) to help human in all high-pitch and low pitch situation. As a support system many machines learning (ML) based algorithms helps to make accurate decision according to situation, increase accuracy rate in data classification and enhance the performance of systems. Explainable AI (XAI) has advance feature to en hanced the decision-making feature and improve the rule base technique by using more ad vance ML and deep learning (DL) based algorithms. In this research we chose e-healthcare systems for efficient decision making and data classification, where quite massive data like patients’ health record (PHR), hospitals confidential information, administrative data, research data, physicians’ details, and many other. In this research work, we identify the existing gaps in traditional AI and ML based algorithms for efficient e-healthcare systems and trying to over come it by using XAI and advance ML based algorithm Federated Machine Learning (FML). FML is a new and advance technology which helps to maintain privacy for PHR and handle large amount of medical data effectively. In this context, XAI along with FML increase the efficiency and improve the security also of the e-healthcare systems. The performed experi ment shows the efficient system performance by implementing federated averaging algorithm on open source FL platform. The evaluating graphs shows the accuracy rate by taking epochs size 5, batch size 16 and no. of clients 5, which shows higher accuracy rate with (19, 10−4). To conclude our research, we discuss the future work with still existing some gaps in e-healthcare system like security, price, efficiency, performance evaluation and many other.
ANTECEDENTS OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER: THE ROLE OF PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES.
(0023) Ayesha Malik
Employee turnover has significant implications for organizations, including increased costs associated with recruitment, training, and loss of experienced employees. Thisstudy aims to explore the antecedents of employee turnover, specifically focusing on the role of promotional strategies. The research investigates the factors that contribute to employee turnover, such as dissatisfaction, lack of support, emotional burnout, biased promotions, inadequate training, and poor communication within the organizational hierarchy. The study also examines the impact of promotion-focused strategies on reducing turnover by enhancing employee motivation, productivity, and loyalty. The study adopts a comprehensive approach to understand the relationship between turnover and promotional strategies in the context of call centers. By analyzing the antecedents of turnover intention, this research provides valuable insights for organizations to address the underlying factors that contribute to turnover and implement effective strategies to reduce turnover rates. Data was collected from 295 call center employees from various private call centers. The research design of this study was non- experimental, quantitative and correlational in nature. The findings validated several hypotheses, including the positive link between emotional labor strategies and emotional burnout, the association between burnout and employee incivility, and the positive relationship between employee incivility and turnover intention. Nevertheless, the findings confirmed the positive relationship between regulatory focus strategies and service performance, the negative association between service performance and turnover intention, and the positive link between customer incivility and emotional burnout

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